纳尔逊曼德拉
# 背景介绍
1.post-apartheid era 后种族隔离时代
2.diverse a.多样的
3.prominent a.杰出的
4.racial segregation 种族隔离
5.advocate v.主张
6.regime n.统治
7.massacre n.大屠杀
8.tactic n.策略，手段
9.overthrow v.推翻
10.militant a.动武的
乃夫英文读报丨学习方法
1. 通读原文阅读乃夫英文读报精选文章。2. 句子分析抓住句子的主干，分清主谓宾定状补。3. 词或词组、短语猜测词义理解句子。千万不要对乃夫老师的翻译产生依赖。4. 翻译练习按照自己的理解进行翻译。点击英文下方空白处，你会发现黑科技就是那么酷炫。5. 听音频听句子，用听力的方式复习精读并翻译的句子。6. 跟读练习逐句跟读句子，掌握正确的语音语调。跟读考研核心单词，有效复习。7. 学习分享把你学习的心得写成留言，并分享到朋友圈，炫耀你所学习的成果。
#乃夫英文读报
May 9, 1994 | Nelson Mandela Chosen South Africa’s First Black President
【118920】乃夫英文读报 来自许乃夫老师 00:00 04:15
01
选文
On May 9, 1994, South Africa’s newly elected Parliament chose Nelson Mandela to be the first president of the post-apartheid era.
The New York Times wrote, “The power that had belonged to whites since they first settled on this cape 342 years ago passed today to a Parliament as diverse as any in the world, a cast of proud survivors who began their work by electing Nelson Mandela to be the first black president of South Africa.”
Mr. Mandela was the most prominent leader in the struggle against apartheid, the policy of racial segregation introduced by the white minority-controlled South African government in 1948. As a leader in the African National Congress, Mandela advocated nonviolent protest against the apartheid regime.
After the government banned the ANC following the 1960 Sharpeville massacre, Mr. Mandela went underground and decided that violent tactics would be necessary to overthrow the government. He took control of the ANC’s militant wing, which carried out bombing attacks on government targets.
Questions:
What did Mr. Mandela decide to do to overthrow the government?
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Answer:
He went underground and decided to use violent tactics to overthrow the government.
02
句子分析
“On May 9, 1994, South Africa’s newly elected Parliament chose Nelson Mandela to be the first president of the post-apartheid era.
”
解析：
a. on+具体某一天
b. chose的动词原形是choose，choose sb to be
c.apartheid: the former political system in South Africa in which only white people had full political rights and other people, especially black people, were forced to live away from white people, go to separate schools, etc. 种族隔离（前南非政府推行的政策）
“The New York Times wrote, “The power thathad belonged to whites since they first settled on this cape 342 years ago passed today to a Parliament as diverse as any in the world, a cast of proud survivors whobegan their work by electing Nelson Mandela to be the first black president of South Africa.”
”
解析：a. 主句：The power passed today to …
b. that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the power
c. a cast of：阵容；who引导定语从句修饰先行词 a cast of proud survivors
d. cape在本句话中指代南非，南非著名的好望角 Cape Hope
“Mr. Mandela was the most prominent leader in the struggle against apartheid, the policy of racial segregation introduced by the white minority-controlled South African government in 1948. As a leader in the African National Congress, Mandela advocated nonviolent protest against the apartheid regime.
”
解析：
a. the policy of racial segregation ….. 这句话是同位语，进一步解释前面的apartheid，introduced by 是后置定语，修饰前面的the policy of racial segregation
b. as= in the position of 作为
c. advocate:to publicly support a particular way of doing something 主张，拥护，鼓吹
d. regime: a method or system of government, especially one that has not been elected in a fair way （尤指未通过公正选举的）统治方式，统治制度，政权，政体
“After the government banned the ANC following the 1960 Sharpeville massacre, Mr. Mandela went underground and decided that violent tactics would be necessary to overthrow the government. He took control of the ANC’s militant wing, which carried out bombing attacks on government targets.
”
解析：
a. Sharpeville massacre: 沙佩维尔屠杀发生于南非种族隔离时期的1960年3月21日，此一事件的地点位于南非川斯瓦省沙佩维尔的一处警察局。当抗议《通行证法》的群众活动持续一整日后，一批约5,000人至7,000人规模的群众来到了一处警察局前。南非警方对前来的群众开火，造成了69死180伤的惨剧。
b. go underground 转为地下
c.tactic: the particular method you use to achieve sth 策略；手段；招数（常用复数形式）
d. take control of 控制，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the ANC’s militant wing
03
参考译文
1994年5月9日，南非新当选的议会选举纳尔逊·曼德拉为后种族隔离时代的首位总统。
《纽约时报》写道: “从白人在342年前在南非定居以来属于白人的权力传递给了今天议会等任何世界上的骄傲的幸存者，这些幸存者们开始他们的工作选举纳尔逊·曼德拉成为南非第一位黑人总统。”
曼德拉是反对种族隔离斗争中最杰出的领导人。种族隔离政策是1948年由少数族裔白人控制的南非政府提出的。作为非洲国民大会的领导人，曼德拉主张非暴力抗议种族隔离制度。
1960年沙佩维尔大屠杀后，政府取缔(ban)了非洲国民大会，曼德拉转入地下，决定用暴力手段推翻政府。他控制了非国大的武装派别，该派别对政府目标实施了炸弹袭击。
04
写作练习
1.【choose】
面对生命中的两个男人，她不得不从中作出选择。
2.【advocate】
她主张把目光放得更长远一些。
3.【ban】
她被禁止开车两年。
点击下方空白区域查看答案
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「手机上看不见我」
1.She had to choose between the two men in her life.
2.She advocates taking a more long-term view.
3.She was banned from driving for two years.
#考研词汇速查
注：以上词汇选自《恋练有词》，用“L”表示，即”LP83”表示“恋练有词83页”。
Reference:
https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/09/may-9-1994-nelson-mandela-chosen-south-africas-first-black-president/
WB @ 许乃夫老师
